In most cases back surgery is an elective procedure. Most often back surgery is not urgent but if the patients lifestyle is being diminished by their back condition, surgery may be considered once conservative methods have failed them.
The first thing to examine is when back pain may be a medical emergency. Most back pain can be successfully managed with a little bit of R&R (rest and relaxation), exercise, anti-inflammatory and pain medications. There are some symptoms that should be watched out for, because they can lead to life threatening or disabling medical conditions. If you are experiencing any of the following symptoms it is strongly suggested that you seek professional medical attention as soon as possible:
- Loss of bowel or bladder Control along with progressive leg weakness
- Pain along with unexplained weight loss (about 5 lbs a week)
- Severe stomach pain, lower back pain, lacking the ability to stand straight
- A fever that does not respond to common forms of fever relief combined with pain
Spine surgery is rarely an initial treatment for back pain. Only after a long course of conservative therapy is spine surgery considered. Seeing as back pain takes a long time to be resolved, it is usually not the best idea to rush into a surgery. Most doctors will conservatively treat back pain for 3 to 6 months before considering spine surgery.
Spine Surgery Procedures
Discectomy
This procedure removes a portion of the disc that rests between each vertebrae. The most common reason to have this type of back surgery is if the patient suffers from a herniated disc. In this spine surgery the herniated disc is removed to relieve pressure on the affected nerve root.
Foraminotomy
If there is pressure being applied on a nerve root by a piece of bone or other tissue a foraminotomy is preformed to relieve that pressure. This is spine surgery that involves removing the portion of bone or other tissue that is compressing the nerve root.
Laminectomy
Spine surgery that is used to relieve pressure on the spinal cord itself. A laminectomy is most commonly used to treat conditions such as spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. Depending on the amount of bone removed during the back surgery, this procedure may be done with a spinal fusion to prevent instability in the spine.
Spine Fusion
A spine fusion is a spine surgery procedure performed to eliminate motion between adjacent vertebrae. The spine fusion may be done to treat a problem such as spondylolisthesis (unstable spine), or it may be done because of the extent of other surgery (such as a laminectomy).
Spinal Disc Replacement
Spinal disc replacement is a new form of spine surgery that is still quite uncommon. Spine disc replacement is done to treat specific types of back pain, while avoiding the problems associated with spine fusion surgery.



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